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Walery Jan Sławek (; 2 November 1879 Strutynka – 3 April 1939 Warsaw) was a Polish politician, military officer and activist, who in the early 1930s served three times as Prime Minister of Poland. He was one of the closest aides of Polish leader, Józef Piłsudski. == Early Years == Walery Sławekwas born on November 2, 1879 into an impoverished szlachta family, in the village of Strutynka near Nemyriv, Podolia, Russian Empire. He was one of four children: two of his older sisters died early of TB. His father, Boleslaw Sławek, worked at a sugar plant owned by Count Józef Mikołaj Potocki (see House of Potocki). His mother was Florentyna née Przybylska, and the Sławek family was distinctly related to the family of Ignacy Jan Paderewski. In 1888 - 1894, he attended elementary school in Nemyriv. In 1899, Sławek graduated from Higher Trade School in Warsaw, and began working for an insurance company. At that time, he became involved in the activities of socialist organizations. In 1900, Sławek moved to Łódź, employed for Insurance Company Horodiczka i Stamirowski. Soon afterwards, he joined Polish Socialist Party (PPS). While in Łódź, he was involved in the activities of the PPS. Upon returning to Warsaw (May 1901), Sławek was named one of leaders of local branch of the PPS. He was frequently sent on missions to other cities of the Russian Empire. In 1902 in Vilna, he met and became friends with Józef Piłsudski and Aleksander Prystor. In June 1902, Sławek was elected leader of the PPS for the Governorates of Kielce and Piotrków Trybunalski. At that time, he fell in love with Wanda Juszkiewicz, the stepdaughter of Józef Piłsudski. She became the love of his life, and after her premature death, Sławek did not became involved in any other relationship. On March 6, 1903, he was for the first time arrested by Russian police, at the rail station in Będzin. Sent first to a prison in Piotrków Trybunalski, Sławek escaped on December 18, 1903, while being transferred to a prison in Sieradz. Soon afterwards, upon order of Piłsudski, he began working on the creation of a secret, paramilitary organization within the PPS. On November 13, 1904, he organized a mass anti-Tsarist rally at Warsaw’s Grzybowski Square. Sławek delivered weapons to some participants, and the rally ended in an exchange of fire with the police. It was the first act of armed resistance in Congress Poland since the January Uprising. During the 1905 Congress of the PPS, Sławek was elected to the Central Workers Committee (CKR), as its youngest member. His main duty was coordination of local party chambers in southwestern corner of Congress Poland. Sławek himself never became a true Socialist: he regarded this party as the only real organization which would bring back independent Poland. During the Revolution of 1905, he was a key member of Combat Organization of the Polish Socialist Party, and participant in numerous missions. On September 10, 1905, he was arrested and sent to the Warsaw Citadel. Russian authorities planned to send him to Siberia, but on October 19, amnesty was declared, and on November 4, 1905, Sławek was released. He continued his activities: during a raid on a train near Milanowek (June 9, 1906), a bomb exploded in his hand, injuring his head and chest. Sławek lost his left eye, three fingers in right hand and two fingers in left hand. Furthermore, he permanently lost hearing in his left ear, and for the rest of his life, Sławek wore a beard, which covered numerous scars on his face. Arrested again, he was acquitted by court, and ordered to leave the Empire. Sławek left for Kraków, located in Austrian Galicia. There, he underwent two operations, which improved his health. Nevertheless, he was in depression, caused both by the injuries, and the death of Wanda Juszkiewicz. Józef Piłsudski ordered him to oversee party finances. In 1908, he was sent to Paris, and after his return, took part in the legendary Bezdany raid. On June 1, 1909, Sławek, already a member of the Union of Active Struggle (ZWC), was arrested by the Austrian authorities. He was released after two weeks, with help from Austrian military intelligence (Hauptkundschaftstelle, HK-Stelle), which cooperated with the leadership of the ZWC. The Austrians highly appreciated the information on Russian army, stationed in Congress Poland. In exchange, the HK-Stelle allowed the ZWC to carry out its activities. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Walery Sławek」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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